HyperText Markup Language (HTML) has been used since the 1990s. It’s the foundation of all websites and represents the bare minimum of what’s needed to create a website. While it’s possible to create a website with only HTML, it wouldn’t look particularly attractive. Below is the HTML code for a basic Bootstrap button. Languages like CSS and JavaScript enhance and modify the basic site structure built by HTML codes. HTML5 is the most recent version and supports cross-platform browser functionality, making it popular in mobile application development. CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) was developed in the late 1990s. It adds design elements like typography, colors, and layouts to websites to improve the overall “look” of websites. CSS allows developers to transform your website to match the aesthetic you envisioned for your site, and like HTML5, CSS is compatible with all browsers. Here's a code snippet for customizing the jumbotron element in Bootstrap CSS. .jumbotron { background: #27a967; color: white; text-align: center; } .jumbotron p { color: white; font-size: 26px; } JavaScript JavaScript is the cherry-on-top of coding languages. Created in the mid-90s, JavaScript is used to add functionality to websites. Developers use it to add animations, automate tasks within certain pages, and add interactive features that enhance user experience.
JavaScript is rapidly evolving. Once considered a “toy” language, JavaScript is now the most widely used coding language in the world. With the help of Node.Js, it’s now a back-end coding language. It’s the first language to be understood by browsers, and some have even discussed applying machine learning to it, too. Below is a JavaScript code snippet for automatically opening links in a new window in WordPress. JavaScript code snippet example HTML, CSS, JavaScript are the “big three” of web development. Almost every website uses them in some capacity. There are plenty of others, such as server-side languages like Java, C++, Python, and SQL, but understanding these three is foundational to your website development knowledge. Build the back-end of your website. Writing code might be one of the more complicated parts of web development, but it’s hardly the only component. You also have to build your back-end and front-end site structures and design.
Let’s start with the back-end. The back-end handles the data that enables the functionality on the front-end. For example, Facebook's back-end stores my photos, so that the front-end can then allow others to look at them. It’s made up of two key components: Databases, which are responsible for storing, organizing, and processing data so that it’s retrievable by server requests. Servers, which are the hardware and software that make up your computer. Servers are responsible for sending, processing, and receiving data requests. They’re the intermediary between the database and the client/browser. The browser will, in effect, tell the server "I need this information", and the server will know how to get that information from the database and send it to the client. These components work together to build the foundation for each website. As for building your website, backend developers will establish three things.
Your logic code, which is a set of rules for how your website will respond to certain requests and how objects of your website will interact. Your database management, which is how your website will organize, manage, and retrieve its data. Your infrastructure, which is how your site will be hosted. Hosting your own site will give you greater control, but it’s much more expensive and requires you to maintain your own server health and security. With these components and decisions in place, your website will be ready for front-end development. Note: The back-end is slightly tangential to web development because you don't always need a back-end if you're not storing any data. “Data” in this context means any user-entered information that you need to save and persist. Think about logging in to a website. If they don't have a back-end, how could they remember your login information? Or what your profile settings are? To get this information, you need a back-end. Facebook, as an example, needs to know what people are in your Friends list, what events you have joined, what posts you have created, and more. This is all "data" that lives in a database. If they didn't have a back-end with a database, none of that data would be accessible to them. On the other hand, a website that’s purely informational and doesn’t require the users to enter any data wouldn’t need a back-end.
So, if you have no data, you don’t necessarily require back-end development. But that’s not saying you shouldn’t learn the basics. You never know when you might need it. Build the front-end of your website. If you’ve ever dabbled in web design or toyed with a website in WordPress, Squarespace, or Google Sites, you’ve touched front-end web development. The front-end stuff is important — it’s what your visitors, customers, and users see and how they’ll use your website. Front-end (or client-side) development includes a combination of JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. It also controls components such as typography and fonts, navigation, positioning, and browser compatibility and responsiveness. This part will reflect more of your initial site vision and what you included in your wireframe. As technology and consumer preferences change, client-side coding tends to become outdated much faster than back-end development. This is where coding resources (like the ones we’ve included below) come in handy.
(Optional) Work with a CMS. Why would someone choose a CMS over coding “by hand” or “from scratch?” It’s true that a CMS is less flexible and, therefore, gives you less control over your front-end. However, a CMS is easier to use (you have to write less code), and it often has tools for hosting the site, storing user information, creating a blog, publishing landing pages, capturing leads, and even building an email list. As a result, you’ll be able to make your website more profitable with less than half the work. See why thousands of customers use 's CMS to build an optimized website that integrates with their CRM data and full marketing stack. CMS options often include plugins that remove the need to write a back-end. For example, there are WordPress plugins for eCommerce so that, instead of building a complicated back-end to charge customers’ credit cards, you can just use an existing plugin and avoid the need to deal with databases and server-side code. Popular content management systems include , Joomla, Magento, and WordPress — which has over 65% market share. (In this case, we’re talking about open source WordPress software, not the WordPress site builder.)
Acquire a domain name. At this point, your website will have an IP address. It also needs a domain name, a memorable website name that your visitors can use to find your site. Perhaps you’ve heard of sites like GoDaddy and Hover. These services help you purchase a domain name and register with ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). Most domain registrations are good for a year before you’re required to renew. Website builders and hosting services, like WordPress and Squarespace, also allow you to purchase a domain name. Launch your site. Once you’ve set up a domain name and linked it to your host, you’re almost ready to unveil your work to the web.
But not so fast — there are still a handful of things you’ll need to check before an official launch. These include planning out responsibilities on your team, testing your site thoroughly for any glitches, optimizing for SEO, and a final check before “flipping the switch” and making your site live. Website Development Resources Interested in learning more about development and coding? Outside of connecting and networking with other developers, there are plenty of resources you can tap into to further your understanding of web development. Web Development Courses and Classes Whether you want to explore back-end, front-end, or full-stack coding, here are a few online courses and classes recommended by developers. TutorialsPoint All content and resources on TutorialsPoint are free. Between tutorials, ebooks, and videos, TutorialsPoint provides a host of learn-to-code options. egghead According to their website, “egghead is a group of working web development professionals and open source contributors that provide you with concise, information-dense video courses on the best tools in the industry.”
Users can take courses, listen to podcasts, or take lessons on a wide variety of web development topics. Khan Academy Khan Academy is a well-known free educational resource. Users can learn anything from macroeconomics to linear algebra to US history, as well as a handful of computing topics. freeCodeCamp freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization (like Khan Academy) that helps people learn to code for free. With thousands of articles, videos, and interactive lessons, as well as worldwide study groups, freeCodeCamp helps thousands of developers and engineers learn about programming and land development jobs. Team Treehouse Team Treehouse is a subscription-based online learning program. Users pay a monthly fee and gain access to hundreds of courses on over 20 different topics. From JavaScript to Python to PHP, Treehouse can teach you all you need to know about web development.
Web Development Communities Web developers are masters of the Internet, so it makes sense that they’d hang out and connect in Internet-based communities. According to Code Condo, developers join these communities for: Up-to-date information and problem-solving Insightful answers, new perspectives Tips and tricks for all-level programmers Links to resources, talks, and research papers Meeting new friends, code buddies, and potential partners Here are a few online communities recommended by our developers.
Stack Overflow Stack Overflow was introduced nearly 15 years ago and has since become one of the most popular programming communities in the world. According to co-founder Jeff Atwood, “[Stack Overflow] is by programmers, for programmers, with the ultimate intent of collectively increasing the sum total of good programming knowledge in the world.” Stack Overflow is a great place to go with questions because most of the time, other developers have asked and answered the same ones. The forums in Stack Overflow keep you connected to other developers while also keeping you informed. Mozilla Development Network Mozilla Development Network (MDN) is known to be more thorough and accurate than other online resources. It’s not as much a community as a comprehensive resource and library of documents for coding languages. MDN is useful when learning how certain functions work and staying up-to-date on coding and development news.
Reddit Reddit is a forum-based community where developers of all levels gather to ask and answer questions. It’s incredibly interactive and includes people from all over the world. You can also join “subreddits” based on specific topics such as web design, JavaScript, or freelancing. Dive Into Web Development The Internet is here to stay, and it’s constantly evolving to meet user needs. Web developers are on the front lines of these innovations and improvements — from this blog to your favorite social network to the apps you use on your phone, web development is everywhere. As a result, it’s worth taking the time to understand coding and programming to help make your business website the best it can be — for you and your customers. Editor's note: This post was originally published in November 2018 and has been updated for comprehensiveness. Fun Fact: There are almost 2 billion websites in the world today.
With so many websites, it can be hard – seemingly impossible – to stand out. Getting traffic to your site is hard enough on its own, and getting those people to stay and actually do something is harder still. What makes a good website? Background designed by Freepik What makes a good website, anyway? In short, a good website should excel in both form and function. It should have a clear purpose. It should be visually pleasing and easy to navigate. It should perform well for a wide range of visitors and be technically stable and secure. Good websites are attractive, functional, and useful. Your website is sometimes the only thing your customers see. You want that sucker to be so eye-poppingly awesome that it attracts backlinks, case studies like these, media attention, and customers out the wazoo. And you’re in luck. Because in this post, I’m going to teach you everything we know about what makes a great website.
And you don’t even need to be a designer. Yippee! The Index of Awesome Web Design (Click to Navigate) Section 1: Visual Website Design (AKA “Prettiness”) Section 2: Technical Website Design (AKA “Geeky Stuff”) Section 3: Website Tools (AKA “Useful Stuff to Make Your Website Better”) -dark-chat-banner-2 Enough talk, let’s dive into web design 10 What Makes a Good Website?
Alright, so this is a pretty huge subject to tackle. There are thousands of books and courses written on web design. Before I start spatting off lessons, I want to ensure you can take something away and implement it today. So, here are the four basic principles of what makes a good website to keep in mind before your redesign/launch: Purpose. Great design starts with a purpose in mind. Ask yourself, “What do I want to accomplish with this page?” If a page doesn’t have a clear purpose, consider getting rid of it. Aesthetically pleasing. I’ll dig more into this in section one on visual design, but your site needs to look good. If your site looks like it was built in the 90’s, it’s time for an update. Relevant and original content. Your site should show content that’s relevant to your target market and original. Plagiarism is illegal and penalized by Google. Besides, it’s better to be a first-rate version of yourself than a second-rate version of someone else. Clear site navigation. I’ll discuss this further in section two on technical aspects, but know that navigation matters. Any page on your site should be within three clicks of any other page on your site. Your navigation should be intuitive and simple. This helps both Google for SEO and your visitors for navigation. Great design starts with a purpose in mind.CLICK TO TWEET Now that you have the major principles in mind, let’s dive a little deeper.
Visual Website Design (AKA “Prettiness”) Imagine a scenario for a moment. You’re looking for a gift for your sister’s birthday. You notice a tweet by someone you follow sharing their friend’s new clothing shop. You click. Then you see this. ugly-website-design-1024x533-2Haha, nope. You’re gone. Is this an extreme example? Yes. Does website design still matter a whole heck of a lot? Yup.
Am I going to tell you what you should do to make your site look great? You betcha. You see, visuals affect everything from conversion rate to time on page, trustworthiness, and organic backlinks (which help you rank your site on Google.) So the equation looks like this: Great site design = More trust = Better conversions Great site design = More trust = More conversions.CLICK TO TWEET How do you make your site look great? Start with your brand. Branding Through Site Design Your brand is your image. Everything from the colors you use to the fonts you choose affects people’s perception of who you are. In her guide to branding, Sonia Gregory says that “as a small business, you may be competing against big brands with devoted customers. That’s why you have to find ways to differentiate–with a solid brand building process of your own.”
What do you want people to think when they see your site? Edgy, modern, satirical, professional, something else? You can convey those things through your design. Just take a look at the psychology of color – different colors convey different emotions. In fact, a study titled “Impact of color on marketing” found that up to 90% of snap judgments made about products can be based on color alone, depending on the product. Beyond color, you also have font choice. And yes, there is a psychology behind font choice as well. Ted Hunt from Crazy Egg made this cool infographic about it: Psychology behind font choice Regardless of the font you choose for your logo and branding efforts, you should always choose readability over emotional feel for your main body font. Typically that means sans serif fonts, as they read the best on the web. One last tip on font choice: Don’t use more than two fonts in your design. Pick two that compliment each other and stick with those for your entire brand.
Design & Print ExeterKey Takeaway: Choose no more than three colors and two fonts to represent your brand. Write down the fonts and color codes and use them consistently across your entire site and marketing efforts. Finding, Designing, and Using Images Imagery is a major part of website design. And yet so many people do it wrong. Great images add value to the visitor. They help explain a key point and give the eyes a break. They even help sell your products and services. For example, if you’re an eCommerce site, you want your product photos to be high-quality and show tons of different angles.
Which of these flowers would you rather buy? Website imagery (Source) If you even saw the image on the right, you’d probably leave and never come back. The middle image is better, but still not great. The one on the left makes you trust the website. Just be careful, because bad images actually reduce readership. Remember design principle #1: Great design has a purpose in mind. Any image that doesn’t have a purpose is a bad image. Period. If you needed more incentive, page load speed (which I discuss in section two), is extremely important to SEO and usability. Having too many big images slows your site down.
So, how do you find, design, and use images on your website? We wrote about some tools to make great images in this post. Go check it out. But to give you some inspiration, here are a few examples of good images you can use: Charts and graphs of data points Screenshots High-quality stock photography (choose wisely) Custom designs and vector graphics Professional (or at least well-done) photography Key Takeaway: Use images, but do so with a purpose in mind. 3 Examples of Beautiful Websites Knowing what makes a good website is easier when you see real-life examples.
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